Supported by $9.4 million from the Bezos Earth Fund and led by researchers at The Pirbright Institute and the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), an international consortium will seek to build scientific evidence for a vaccine that can reduce the number and activity of methane-producing microbes in a cow’s stomach.
According to the UN Environment Programme, livestock emissions from manure and gastroenteric releases account for almost a third of human-caused global methane emissions.
If successful, using a vaccine in cattle to reduce their methane emissions would significantly advance global greenhouse gas reduction efforts. Livestock is a primary source of methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas.
According to the Global Methane Hub, reducing methane emissions by 45% this decade could deliver a cooling effect of approximately 0.3°C by 2040. Livestock alone is responsible for nearly half of all food system emissions, which constitute about a third of global greenhouse gas emissions.
The three-year study with AgResearch – the New Zealand institute dedicated to agricultural innovation – aims to build on work by the Global Methane Hub which found knowledge and technical gaps were limiting progress in the development of methanogen vaccines.
The team of researchers say the proof-of-concept project will allow them to explore mechanisms for antibody-driven inhibition of methanogen growth, establishing the number and characteristics of methanogen antigens which trigger an immune response, and understanding the number and antigen binding strength of antibodies.
Dr Neil Wedlock, Principal Scientist, AgResearch, said: “We are excited to collaborate with The Pirbright Institute and the Bezos Earth Fund to address this pressing challenge. Our teams are recognised leaders in studying methanogen biology and driving approaches to elicit vaccine driven antibody mediated responses in ruminants to limit methanogen growth and methane production.”
Dr Andrew Steer, President & CEO of the Bezos Earth Fund, said: “Vaccines have proven to be an incredibly cost-effective way to deliver global health solutions. If we can apply this approach to vaccinate cattle and reduce emissions, the scalability and impact could be phenomenal. This grant is a moonshot for proof-of-concept – risky bets like this are essential to tackling the climate crisis.”
Dirk Werling, Professor of Molecular Immunology at the RVC, said: “I am extremely proud of being part of this project, which brings together colleagues working in different fields of animal health in a very unique way. I believe that the funding we obtained from Bezos Earth Fund will enable us to perform research on a topic which affects us all, global warming, but in a way that both animals and humans benefit from it.”
The study aims to characterise, modify, and combine antibodies to mimic the type of antibody response a vaccine that elicits function in cattle would need to produce, helping humanity understand the feasibility of future vaccine delivery.
The Pirbright Institute, funded by the BBSRC is a global leader in translating fundamental studies of livestock immune responses into solutions to control disease.
The project is underpinned by tools and methods to study the cattle B cell and antibody response at high-resolution developed by the Bill and Melinda Gates-funded Pirbright Livestock Antibody Hub.
On Tuesday, President Ruto maintained that the planned nationwide vaccination of livestock will go on regardless of the opposition by some politicians, explaining its importance in getting rid of diseases.
Ruto said the exercise will ensure the country is free of diseases so that they can be allowed to export some livestock products to foreign markets.
“We want to create a disease-free country so that we can market our livestock products to destinations where we have been denied access due to disease control inadequacies,” he said.
The government of Kenya will roll out a national livestock vaccination exercise starting January 2025.
President William Ruto’s initiative to vaccinate livestock country-wide targets 22 million cattle against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and 50 million sheep and goats against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR).
Agriculture CS Dr. Andrew Karanja has urged wananchi to disregard propaganda peddled by detractors, saying all those bad things that are being said about the vaccinations are not true and terming them as conspiracy theories.
Veterinary vaccines, he noted, have had, and continue to have, a major role in protecting animal health and public health, reducing animal suffering, enabling efficient production of animals to feed the growing human population.
