The Independent Policing Oversight Authority (IPOA) has raised serious concerns over the conduct of law enforcement during the nationwide demonstrations held on Wednesday, June 25, 2025, citing multiple violations of constitutional and human rights.
In a preliminary report released shortly after the protests, IPOA confirmed that its officers had been deployed countrywide to monitor police operations in real-time. The Authority noted that demonstrations were recorded in 24 out of Kenya’s 47 counties, a widespread expression of civil dissent commemorating the 2024 Finance Bill protests. IPOA’s statement emphasized that its role was guided by Section 6(c) of the IPOA Act, mandating oversight of police conduct in maintaining public order.
Tragically, IPOA reported eight fatalities as a direct result of the protest response, with the number later rising to 11 according to the Kenya Human Rights Commission. Over 207 injuries were documented, many from gunshot wounds. Police officers were also among the injured, and at least 61 protesters were arrested.
Particularly troubling were IPOA’s findings on the use of excessive force. The Authority confirmed that officers employed live ammunition, tear gas, water cannons, batons, and even whips to disperse crowds, raising alarm about the disproportionate use of power. Compounding the concern, IPOA documented cases where officers failed to display identification badges, violating constitutional standards for transparency and accountability.
The report also noted infiltration by criminal elements, referred to as “goons”, who disrupted peaceful demonstrations and posed serious risks to public safety through looting and acts of violence. Meanwhile, citizens’ retaliation against police was also recorded, with one officer suffering serious assault injuries.
IPOA concluded by highlighting the significant disruption to public services, commerce, and mobility. It pledged further investigations into all reported cases, urging authorities to uphold human rights and accountability as the country navigates these turbulent times.
